We use computers or other smart gadgets for the majority of our tasks these days. All of us utilize some form of social networking application. It also shows you the pertinent information on your screen each time you click a link or scroll through your reels. Have you ever wondered, though, how all of this comes about?
The backend of apps allows for all of this, as well as an outstanding user experience. Such robust backends are developed using backend programming languages, which also ensure a flawless user experience across all applications.
Frontend and backend development work together on web projects. While backend development serves the server side or the functionality of the website or app, front-end languages like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript serve the client side and what’s on a screen.
Gaining knowledge of back-end languages enhances your proficiency as a development expert. Let’s learn about the important backend programming languages together.
Table of Contents
BACKEND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
Backend programming languages are computer languages, that have a distinct syntax, to create the backend systems that drive web applications. Programmers have access to numerous server-side languages.
Certain features provided by backend programming languages facilitate the sending and receiving of data and information from the server by software users.
Important backend programming languages to learn
1. PYTHON
Python is a top-notch OOP backend programming language that’s primarily used for large-scale data applications. Python has an easy-to-read, understand, and debug syntax because of its simplicity.
Web developers may now easily create scalable, side-graded, and readily upgraded software for the web thanks to this backend language. With its abundance of published online learning resources and ease of learning, Python is one of the most popular backend programming languages for novice programmers.
Python is used for a variety of tasks, including data analysis, machine learning, task automation, website development, and software testing. It is one of the most popular computer coding languages due to its adaptability and ease of use for beginners.
It can be used as a programming language to route URLs, process data, store, retrieve, or update information in database management, and test software.
KEY FEATURES
- Python’s straightforward, human-language-like grammar made building your website project more quickly possible.
- It may be used for a variety of activities, including software testing, machine learning, and data analysis.
- Web applications can be quickly created with Python, a programming language that is easy to use even for novice developers.
- Even for business use, it is free to use, distribute, and access as open-source software.
2. SQL
SQL which means Structured Query Language is a standardized programming language that programmers can use to manage relational databases and perform a variety of data operations.
It is a programming language that supports variables, logic commands, looping, etc.
However, it differs from languages like C++ or Java. Although Java and C++ are third-generation languages, this one is regarded as fourth-generation since it has statements that are akin to those in human language.
It is a database manipulation, retrieval, and storage language rather than a programming language for creating websites or applications.
KEY FEATURES
- The programme is directly integrated with the database control. Therefore, there is no possibility of human error or corrupted data while loading.
- When processing data in a database presents a challenge, programmers and developers turn to SQL Server’s data recovery and restore tools.
- Microsoft SQL Server offers exceptional data protection management in addition to strong security features.
3. RUBY
Ruby is one of the backend programming languages that works with Ruby on Rails (RoR), a framework designed especially for Ruby that reduces the amount of code needed to generate and complete tasks. With the help of code libraries, integrated tools, and unique features that streamline the coding process, frameworks are frequently excellent resources for software architects who lay the groundwork for a program or application.
For those just learning about back-end development, Ruby is frequently an excellent option. Ruby is excellent for rapidly building project prototypes and testing their fundamental functionality since it makes it simple to create tasks and functions. This expedites the development of software.
KEY FEATURES
- Ruby helps programmers write less code.
- Ruby has a library for ORMs. It makes database interactions simple.
- The architecture of the Ruby programming language is scalable and modular.
4. JAVASCRIPT/NODE.JS
JavaScript also known as Node.js is one of the backend programming languages though it is useful for both front-end and back-end development, and it is considered essential knowledge for many back-end and full-stack developers.
JavaScript is a simple setup and the large community of JavaScript experts make it a popular choice for web development among programmers.
The straightforward scripting syntax and client-side validation capabilities of this language, which let JavaScript apps communicate with browsers to verify data, are some of its benefits for back-end development.
JavaScript proficiency is not the only language that employers may require of applicants for full-stack and back-end development positions. If your goal is to be equally knowledgeable about front-end and back-end features and apply your knowledge to all facets of web development, learning JavaScript can be helpful.
KEY FEATURES
- The Chrome V8 engine is the foundation of JavaScript. It makes it possible for Node to offer a runtime environment on the server. With this, JavaScript builds and runs quickly. The V8 engine in Chrome instead of interpreting or executing JavaScript as bytecode transforms it into native machine language.
- Javascript has a speed advantage over languages like Python and Ruby because of this.
- Javascript manages several requests at once. To evenly distribute the load among all of the CPU cores that are actively using it, it features a cluster module.
- Javascript is a flexible system that can be used on Unix, Linux, Windows, macOS X, and mobile devices.
- Javascript can produce a self-sufficient executable when used in conjunction with the appropriate package.
5. C++
The programming language C++ is object-oriented and has little reliance on systems. With just a few line changes, it can compile more than 99% of C programs because of its extreme compatibility with the language. C++ is OOP-based while being a more organized and secure language than C.
KEY FEATURES
- Software engineers all over the world love C++ because of its speed. C++, an enhanced version of C, is a sophisticated and versatile back-end web programming language that can be challenging for beginners to learn.
- Developers can write software that runs on multiple operating systems without having to modify the source code because of C++’s portability.
- Pointers and dynamic memory allocation are two features that C++ offers for effective memory management.
6. PHP
Currently, PHP stands as one of the top backend programming languages for developing websites. The need for PHP developers in the programming industry is still strong, despite competition from more sophisticated backend languages like Python and JavaScript.
For the aim of developing server-side applications, PHP is known for being an all-purpose, dynamic backend language.
In the web development industry, PHP is a highly efficient backend language that is widely used to construct and deliver apps quickly.
KEY FEATURES
- Beginners may easily learn PHP, as it’s one of the few server-side languages available. This language has a less steep learning curve than others.
- When a website is constructed using it, SEO is improved and it loads approximately three times faster than with most other programming languages at runtime.
- The back-end language in question is all-purpose and may be used to create desktop programs, blogs, social media apps like Facebook, and e-commerce websites. PHP can also be used to send emails.
7. GOLANG
Golang also known as Go is among the top 5 most favored programming languages globally.
It is a statistically typed backend programming language that was created at Google and featured a C-like syntax.
Golang contains a feature called garbage collection that offers autonomous memory management, one of the main benefits of leveraging it as a backend language.
KEY FEATURES
- Go is an easily understood language because of its basic syntax and minimum structure.
- Concurrency is supported by Go by default. Many processes can now operate concurrently thanks to this.
- There is a tonne of dependable, proven code available to developers in the standard library.
8. C#
The programming language C# is compatible with a wide range of computer systems. When used with frameworks such as .NET, this language allows programmers to create the internal workings of webpages and link client and server interactions to create completely functional programmes.
C# and its associated frameworks are a dependable option for web and software development because of their stability and versatility.
If you know the fundamentals of C and C++, two helpful back-end programming languages, you might find learning C# easier. Another reason why C# is a good choice for beginners is that its error-proof commands make debugging easier by warning you about potential problems before you test your programme.
KEY FEATURES
- Type checking is enabled during compile time in C#. This stops mistakes from happening during runtime.
- By automatically managing memory, C# avoids memory leaks.
- C# makes data manipulation and querying simple.
9. JAVA
Java is a language used by developers who wish to build robust, sizable web apps that need to be highly secure to protect sensitive data.
You may construct online, mobile, and desktop applications and utilities using this flexible language on a variety of digital platforms, including PCs and mobile devices. Instead of allowing code to run on each programmer’s computer, Java is run on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which standardizes the machine on which programmers run code.
Programmers can run two or more threads simultaneously in Java to improve CPU performance. It is one of the backend programming languages used by programmers to create a variety of apps kinds, including scientific, desktop, Android, and enterprise-level web apps.
KEY FEATURES
- It has been used for a long time to create a wide range of products, including software development tools like Eclipse and IntelliJ IDEA as well as web and Android apps because of its adaptability.
- Because Java has an understandable grammar for developers, it is an easy language to learn.
- Java has a built-in runtime checking feature that can help you write error-free code by automatically identifying and warning developers about runtime issues.
- Java operates in a cross-platform Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which transfers instructions to your computer, it is a versatile back-end language that is scalable and extremely portable.
10. KOTLIN
Kotlin is among the best backend programming languages because it is lightweight, has static typing, has concurrency routes, supports functional and object-oriented programming, and can be integrated with various frameworks like Micronaut and Spring.
Strong backends are built with Kotlin because of its short runtime, easy learning curve, large community backing, compatibility with Java, and adaptability.
Many platforms support the Kotlin language. It is simple to use with tools, safe, compatible, and concise. Its main tools are the Java virtual machine and the JavaScript or LLVM compiler infrastructure, as it is a statically typed programming language.
KEY FEATURES
- Compared to Java, Kotlin drastically minimizes boilerplate code, making it more readable and succinct. Because of its type inference functionality, developers can frequently avoid using type declarations.
- Kotlin incorporates null safety as a fundamental feature, hence mitigating the infamous null pointer exceptions that are prevalent in Java. The compiler performs null checks during compilation and distinguishes between nullable and non-nullable types.
- Because Kotlin and Java are completely compatible, developers can use the pre-existing Java frameworks, libraries, and tools. This makes it possible for Java projects to gradually switch to Kotlin and vice versa.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
Is JavaScript a Front-end or Back-end Language?
JavaScript is a simple coding language used for front-end development. That being said, back-end development has also been done with it in recent years. Server-side website development is made feasible by the JavaScript runtime known as NodeJs, or Node.js.
Which backend programming language is most suitable for novices?
PHP, Python, and JavaScript are all excellent options for novices learning backend development. They all have a sizable and vibrant developer community and are reasonably simple to learn.
What distinguishes front-end developers from back-end developers?
Front-end developers concentrate on the user interface and experience, whereas back-end developers handle server operations, data administration, and server-side logic.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the most important thing to remember when choosing which backend programming languages to learn is to give priority to those that fit with team knowledge, project requirements, and community support.
The performance, adaptability, and vibrant ecosystem of languages such as Python, Java, JavaScript (Node.js), and Kotlin make them stand out.
In the end, selecting the best language requires balancing aspects like maintainability, scalability, and compatibility with current infrastructure to guarantee effective backend development.
REFERENCES
deazy.com: 6 Most Popular Back-End Programming Languages
herovired.com: Top Backend Languages to Know in 2024
